New Passo a Passo Mapa Para o que é estoicismo

Meditating on your mortality is only depressing if you miss the point. The Stoics find this thought invigorating and humbling. It is not surprising that one of Seneca’s biographies is titled

In spite of all his Indian stoicism, Curumilla literally seized the food as soon as it appeared, and devoured it greedily.

Um jeito de que me ajudou a ganhar uma perspectiva melhor em saiba como me vejo e especialmente em como vejo ESTES outros. Algumas pessoas podem chamar isso de “estoicismo”.

Practice what you fear, whether a simulation in your mind or in real life. The downside is almost always reversible or transient.

Arguably the most important modern philosopher to be influenced by Stoicism is Spinoza, who was in fact accused by Leibniz to be a leader of the “sect” of the new Stoics, together with Descartes (Long 2003). There are indeed a number of striking similarities between the Stoic conception of the world and Spinoza’s. In both cases we have an all-pervasive God that is identified with Nature and with universal cause and effect. While it is true that the Stoic understanding of the cosmos was essentially dualistic—in contrast with Spinoza’s monism—the Stoic “active” and “passive” principles were nonetheless completely entwined, ultimately yielding an essentially unitary reality. Long points out, however, that a major difference was Spinoza’s concept of God’s infinite attributes and extension, in marked contrast to the finite (if eternal) God of the Stoics: “the upshot of both systems is a broadly similar conception of reality—monistic in its treatment of God as the ultimate cause of everything, dualistic in its two aspects of thought and extension, hierarchical in the different levels or modes of God’s attributes in particular beings, strictly determinist and physically active through and through.

Stoic Ethics was not just another theoretical subject, but an eminently practical one. Indeed, especially for the later Stoics, ethics—understood as the study of how to live one’s life—was the

At the same time, I believe it is crucial to question the tools we use to put that practice into play, which is why critical thinking is very important in the practice of philosophy.

If we fail to question the concepts that we use to communicate ideas and enact social procedures and institutions, then we may end up inadvertently creating and re-creating the same problems that have occurred throughout history.

La teología estoica es panteísta: pelo hay un Dios fuera do la naturaleza este del mundo; es el mismo mundo en su totalidad el qual es divino, lo que justifica que la creencia en los dioses, pese a su heterogeneidad, sea universal.

Stoics thought that everything real, that is, everything that exists, is corporeal—including God and soul. They also recognized a category of incorporeals, which included things like the void, time, and the “sayables” (meanings, which played an important role in Stoic Logic). This may appear as a contradiction, given the staunchly materialist nature of Stoics philosophy, but is really pelo different from a modern philosophical naturalist who nonetheless grants that one can meaningfully talk about abstract concepts ("university," "the number four") which are grounded in materialism because they can only be thought of by corporeal beings such as ourselves.

After all, it is Seneca who urged us to tell ourselves “You may not wake up tomorrow,” when going to bed and “You may not sleep again,” when waking up as reminders of our mortality. Or as another Stoic, Epictetus, urged his students: “Keep death and exile before your eyes each day, along with everything that seems terrible— by doing so, you’ll never have a base thought nor will you have excessive desire.

For as the material of the carpenter is wood, and that of statuary bronze, so the subject-matter of the art of living is each person's own life. ”

Already know all of this? Do you want more advanced material? We recommend heading to our glossary of Stoicism terms and reading our post on the 28 books on Stoicism you neste site need to read to advance your knowledge.

“In life our first job is this, to divide and distinguish things into two categories: externals I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control. Where will I find good and bad? In me, in my choices.”

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